{"id":149,"date":"2026-01-12T20:49:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T12:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=149"},"modified":"2026-06-03T21:08:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T13:08:13","slug":"tcp%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/01\/12\/tcp%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"TCP\u534f\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TCP\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u6bb5\u53d1\u9001<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u9519\u4e71\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • seq\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • ACK\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • ack\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u671f\u671b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5e8f\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5982\u679c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff08ACK=1\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5224\u5b9a\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u53d1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff08\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    TCP\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u53d1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u513f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5f00\u59cb\n\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1a\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u5417\uff1f\n\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u5417\uff1f\n\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1a\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\n\n\u7ed3\u675f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u9996\u5148\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\n\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001 syn \u5305\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_SENT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5305\u4e2d\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 seq\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 syn \u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5e94\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4e2a SYN+ACK \u5305\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_RCVD \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u56de\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u540c\u610f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\n\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SYN \u5305\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 ESTAB_LISHED \u72b6\u6001\u3002\n\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165 ESTAB_LISHED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9500\u6bc1\uff08\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    TCP \u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a\n\n\u9996\u5148\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\n\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001 syn \u5305\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_SENT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5305\u4e2d\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 seq\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 syn \u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5e94\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4e2a SYN+ACK \u5305\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_RCVD \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u56de\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u540c\u610f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\n\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SYN \u5305\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 ESTAB_LISHED \u72b6\u6001\u3002\n\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165 ESTAB_LISHED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\n\n\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u624d\u80fd\u5173\u95ed\n\n1. Client \u5411 Server \u53d1\u9001 FIN \u5305\uff0c\u8868\u793a Client \u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 FIN_WAIT_1 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85 Server \u8fd4\u56de ACK \u5305\u3002\u6b64\u540e Client \u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5411 Server \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\n2. Server \u6536\u5230 FIN \u5305\u540e\u5411 Client \u53d1\u9001 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 CLOSE_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u540e Server \u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411 Client \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\n3. Client \u6536\u5230 Server \u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ACK \u5305\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 FIN_WAIT_2 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85 Server \u53d1\u9001 FIN \u5305\u3002\n4. Server \u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u540e\uff0c\u5c06 FIN \u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Client\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 LAST_ACK \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85 Client \u8fd4\u56de ACK \u5305\uff0c\u6b64\u540e Server \u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\n5. Client \u6536\u5230 FIN \u5305\u540e\u5411 Server \u53d1\u9001 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7b49\u5f85\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff082MSL\uff09\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd Server \u63a5\u6536\u5230 ACK \u5305\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u56de\u5230 CLOSED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\n6. Server \u6536\u5230 Client \u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ACK \u5305\u540e\u4fbf\u56de\u5230 CLOSED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    HTTP\u548cTCP\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5bf9\u5185\u5bb9\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\u4e86TCP\u534f\u8bae\u5b8c\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u534f\u8bae\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53eb\u505a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53eb\u505a\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1TCP\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u9500\u6bc1\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      TCP\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b \u5206\u6bb5\u53d1\u9001 \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93 \u5728TCP\u534f..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-front","category-back"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"author_info":{"info":["\u9648 \u67d0\u4eba"]},"category_info":"\u524d\u7aef<\/a> \u540e\u7aef<\/a>","tag_info":"\u540e\u7aef","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions\/157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}