{"id":368,"date":"2026-04-10T22:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T14:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=368"},"modified":"2026-06-12T22:52:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T14:52:43","slug":"%e8%af%8d%e5%85%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/04\/10\/%e8%af%8d%e5%85%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8bcd\u5143"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6574\u4e2a NLP\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08Natural Language Processing\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u4e3a 4 \u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8d77\u6e90<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N-gram<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u5143\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u91cc\u9762\u53eb\u505a Token\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8bcd\u5143\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5355\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\uff08prompt\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8bcd\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5143\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ID<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5143 ID \u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\uff1a&#8221;Learn about language model tokenization.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9996\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u8bcd\uff1a <code>[Learn] [about] [language] [model] [token] [ization] [.]<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u67e5\u8bcd\u8868\u6620\u5c04 ID\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a token \u4f1a\u88ab\u67e5\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570 ID\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<code>[1122, 98, 4012, ...]<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<code>[1122, 98, 4012, 3305, 2351, 7489, 13]<\/code> \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6574\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5206\u8bcd\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bcd\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b50\u8bcd\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b57\u8282\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u8bcd\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u201c<strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bcd<\/strong>\u201d\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7c92\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u82f1\u6587\u5e38\u89c1\u8bcd\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406<strong>\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>I love natural language processing.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;\"I\", \"love\", \"natural\", \"language\", \"processing\", \".\"]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5143\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u8bcd\u3001\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u9020\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 OOV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OOV \u82f1\u8bed\u5168\u79f0 Out Of Vocabulary\uff08\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\uff09\uff0cOOV \u8868\u793a\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u5b50\u8bcd\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c06\u8bcd\u5206\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u8bcd\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u8bcd\u5e72\u3001\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u672a\u77e5\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lovely<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>love\u3001ly<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u517c\u987e\u8bcd\u7ea7\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u7ea7\u4f18\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u6301 OOV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u8bcd\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u9020\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. \u5b57\u7b26\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5143\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u8bcd\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Hello<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;\"H\", \"e\", \"l\", \"l\", \"o\"]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u62fc\u5199\u654f\u611f\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cOOV \u95ee\u9898\u6d88\u5931\uff08\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9020\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bcd\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u53d8\u957f\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5efa\u6a21\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. \u5b57\u8282\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u9996\u5148\u6309UTF-8 \u5b57\u8282\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u6216\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u8bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<strong>\u5177\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u5173\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Hello \ud83d\ude0a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 240, 159, 152, 138]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u524d\u9762 6 \u4e2a\u662f ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\uff08H e l l o \u7a7a\u683c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540e\u9762 4 \u4e2a\u662f emoji \u8868\u60c5\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u53cb\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5904\u7406 OOV \u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u538b\u7f29\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u9891\u7387\u81ea\u52a8\u6784\u5efa\u6700\u4f73\u5b50\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 token \u603b\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u524d GPT-2 \/ GPT-3 \/ GPT-4 \u5747\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u7ea7\u5206\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 GPT2 \u4e2d\uff0cPython \u4ee3\u7801 elif \u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd<code>[el\u3001if]<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86 GPT4 \u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u5206\u4e3a <code>[elif]<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6e90\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ChatGPT\u771f\u5389\u5bb3\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPT2\/GPT4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;'Chat', 'G', 'PT', '\u771f', '\u5389', '\u5bb3', '\uff01']<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BERT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;'&#91;UNK]', '\u771f', '\u5389', '\u5bb3', '\uff01']<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phi-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;'\u2581Chat', 'G', 'PT', '\u771f', '\u5389', '\u5bb3', '\uff01']<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6a21\u578b<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5206\u8bcd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5206\u8bcd\u5668\u5de5\u5177<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f\u5426\u5b57\u8282\u7ea7<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f\u5426\u5b50\u8bcd\u7ea7<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">OOV\u95ee\u9898<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">GPT-2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Byte-level BPE<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>tiktoken<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u65e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">GPT-4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Byte-level BPE\uff08\u6539\u8fdb\uff09<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>tiktoken<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u65e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">BERT<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">WordPiece<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>bert-tokenizer<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u5426<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u6709 <code>[UNK]<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Phi-3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">SentencePiece (Unigram+BPE)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><code>sentencepiece<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u53ef\u9009<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u662f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u65e0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6574\u4e2a NLP\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08Natural Lang..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"author_info":{"info":["\u9648 \u67d0\u4eba"]},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/category\/ai\/\" rel=\"category tag\">AI<\/a>","tag_info":"AI","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=368"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":369,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368\/revisions\/369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}