{"id":529,"date":"2026-06-24T21:38:09","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T13:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=529"},"modified":"2026-06-24T21:38:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T13:38:09","slug":"ioc%e5%9c%a8nest%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/06\/24\/ioc%e5%9c%a8nest%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"IoC\u5728Nest\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728xxx.controller.ts\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982app.controller.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

@Controller()
export class AppController {
  constructor(private readonly appService: AppService) {}
    \/\/ ......
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
AppController<\/code>\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7@Controller<\/strong>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u7531Nest\u5185\u90e8\u7684IoC\u5bb9\u5668\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u7740\u6bd4\u5982app.service.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Injectable()
export class AppService {
    \/\/......
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
AppService<\/code>\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7@Injectable<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f@Injectable<\/strong>\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88c5\u9970service(\u670d\u52a1)<\/strong>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668(Filter)\u3001\u62e6\u622a\u5668(Intercepter)\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005(Provide)\u3001\u7f51\u5173(Gateway)<\/strong>\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cNest\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528@Injectable<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728IoC\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528@Controller<\/code>\u6765\u88c5\u9970\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a7\u5236\u5668(Controller)<\/strong>\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u770b\u505a\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1(Service)<\/strong>\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6(Middleware)<\/strong>\u5219\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5728AppModule\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u5165<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
@Module<\/strong>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5728Nest\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005(Providers)<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1(Service)\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728Nest\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002imports<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684UserModule<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86nest g resource user<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728AppModule\u4e2d\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86UserModule<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5728User\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [],
  controllers: [UserController],
  providers: [UserService],
})
export class UserModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
UserController\u7c7b<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller('user')
export class UserController {
  constructor(private readonly userService: UserService) {}
  @Get()
  findAll(): string {
    return this.userService.findAll();
  }
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
UserService\u7c7b<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
  findAll(): string {
    return 'This action returns all users';
  }
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5c5e\u6027\u6ce8\u5165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662fAppController<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662fUserController<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u5668\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong>\u7684UserService<\/strong>\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller('user')
export class UserController {
+  @Inject(UserService)
+  private userService: UserService;
\u200b
  \/\/ constructor(private readonly userService: UserService) {}
  @Get()
  findAll(): string {
    console.log('user controller');
    return this.userService.findAll();
  }
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
provider \u6ce8\u5165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0bprovider\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662fAppService\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5199<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: AppService,
      useClass: AppService,
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7 provide<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a token<\/code>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 useClass<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff0cNest \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u5b83\u505a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u540e\u7528\u6765\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AppController \u7684\u6784\u9020\u5668\u91cc\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\u91cc\u58f0\u660e\u4e86 AppService<\/code> \u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller()
export class AppController {
  constructor(private readonly appService: AppService) {}
  
  \/\/ ......
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u6027\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller('admin')
export class AppController {
  @Inject(AppService)
  private appService: AppService;
    
  \/\/ ......
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7 @Inject<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u6ce8\u5165\u7684 provider<\/code> \u7684 token<\/code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u91cc\u6307\u5b9a AppService \u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a token\u5417\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u628aAppService \u8fd9\u4e2aclass\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e86token<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2atoken\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: 'app_service',
      useClass: AppService,
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6784\u9020\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5c5e\u6027\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684token<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller()
export class AppController {
  @Inject('app_service')
  private appService: AppService;
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6216\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller()
export class AppController {
  constructor(@Inject('app_service') private readonly appService: AppService) {}
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\u6216\u8005 class<\/strong> \u505a token<\/code> \u7684 provider<\/code>\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7528 class<\/strong> \u505a token<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb@Inject<\/code>\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u4fbf\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u76f4\u63a5\u6ce8\u5165\u503c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u65e2\u7136provider\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2aclass\uff0c\u90a3\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: 'app_service',
      useClass: AppService,
    },
    {
      provide: 'car',
      useValue: {
        brand: 'BYD',
        price: 100000,
      },
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728controller\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6ce8\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2019car\u2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller()
export class AppController {
  @Inject('app_service')
  private appService: AppService;
\u200b
  @Inject('car')
  private car: { brand: string; price: number };
\u200b
  @Get('car')
  hello(): string {
    return `Hello, I have a ${this.car.brand} car, it's price is ${this.car.price}`;
  }
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u503c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
provider \u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0cNest \u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6ce8\u5165<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const createRandomFactory = () => Math.random();
\u200b
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: 'app_service',
      useClass: AppService,
    },
    {
      provide: 'car',
      useValue: {
        brand: 'BYD',
        price: 100000,
      },
    },
    {
      provide: 'random',
      useFactory: createRandomFactory,
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728app.controller.ts\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2arandom<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
@Controller()
export class AppController {
    \/\/ ......
\u200b
  @Inject('random')
  private random: number;
\u200b
  @Get('random')
  randomNum(): number {
    return this.random;
  }
}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u800c\u4e14\uff0cuseFactory\u65e2\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Nest\u5bb9\u5668\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const createRandomFactory = (
  car: { brand: string; price: number },
  appService: AppService,
) => {
  return {
    random: Math.random(),
    brand: car.brand,
    hello: appService.getHello(),
  };
};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2acreateRandomFactory<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u610f\u601d\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u503c\u4f20\u5165\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u503c\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb9\u5668\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3acar<\/code>\u548capp_service<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const createRandomFactory = (
  car: { brand: string; price: number },
  appService: AppService,
) => {
  return {
    random: Math.random(),
    brand: car.brand,
    hello: appService.getHello(),
  };
};
\u200b
@Module({
  imports: [UserModule],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: 'app_service',
      useClass: AppService,
    },
    {
      provide: 'car',
      useValue: {
        brand: 'BYD',
        price: 100000,
      },
    },
    {
      provide: 'random',
      useFactory: createRandomFactory,
      inject: ['car', 'app_service'],
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7 inject<\/strong>\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2atoken<\/code>\uff0c'car'<\/code>\u548c 'app_service'<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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