{"id":657,"date":"2026-03-10T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=657"},"modified":"2026-07-14T14:24:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T06:24:07","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e7%b1%bb%e5%92%8c%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/03\/10\/python%e4%b8%ad%e7%b1%bb%e5%92%8c%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

class Dog:
    pass
\u200b
# \u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b
my_dog = Dog()
print(type(my_dog))  # <class '__main__.Dog'><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 type()<\/code> \u52a8\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0ctype()<\/code> \u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# type(\u7c7b\u540d, (\u7236\u7c7b\u5143\u7ec4,), {\u5c5e\u6027\u5b57\u5178})
\u200b
# \u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5
def bark(self):
    print(f\"{self.name} says: Woof!\")
\u200b
# \u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa Dog \u7c7b
Dog = type('Dog', (), {'name': 'Buddy', 'bark': bark})
\u200b
# \u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b
my_dog = Dog()
print(my_dog.name)  # Buddy
my_dog.bark()       # Buddy says: Woof!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u7c7b\u540d\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7236\u7c7b\u5143\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728 ORM \u6846\u67b6\u6216\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7c7b\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 __init__<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    __init__<\/code> \u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Dog:
        def __init__(this, name, age):
            this.name = name
            this.age = age
    \u200b
    # \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570
    my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\", 3)
    print(my_dog.name)  # Buddy
    print(my_dog.age)   # 3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> self<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 self<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Dog:
        def __init__(self, name):
            self.name = name  # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027
    \u200b
    dog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\")
    dog2 = Dog(\"Max\")
    \u200b
    print(dog1.name)  # Buddy
    print(dog2.name)  # Max<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Dog:
        species = \"Canis familiaris\"  # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027
    \u200b
        def __init__(self, name):
            self.name = name
    \u200b
    dog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\")
    dog2 = Dog(\"Max\")
    \u200b
    print(dog1.species)  # Canis familiaris
    print(dog2.species)  # Canis familiaris
    \u200b
    # \u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\uff09
    Dog.species = \"Canis lupus\"
    print(dog1.species)  # Canis lupus<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u8fc7 self<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u8fc7 \u7c7b\u540d<\/code> \u6216 self<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f self<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Dog:
        def __init__(self, name):
            self.name = name
    \u200b
        def bark(self):
            print(f\"{self.name} says: Woof!\")
    \u200b
        def introduce(self):
            self.bark()  # \u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5
            print(f\"My name is {self.name}\")
    \u200b
    my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\")
    my_dog.bark()       # Buddy says: Woof!
    my_dog.introduce()  # Buddy says: Woof! My name is Buddy<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5 @classmethod<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f cls<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Dog:
        count = 0  # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u53ea\u72d7
    \u200b
        def __init__(self, name):
            self.name = name
            Dog.count += 1
    \u200b
        @classmethod
        def get_count(cls):
            return cls.count
    \u200b
    dog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\")
    dog2 = Dog(\"Max\")
    \u200b
    print(Dog.get_count())  # 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5 @staticmethod<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e0d\u63a5\u6536 self<\/code> \u6216 cls<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class MathUtils:
        @staticmethod
        def add(a, b):
            return a + b
    \u200b
        @staticmethod
        def is_even(n):
            return n % 2 == 0
    \u200b
    print(MathUtils.add(3, 5))      # 8
    print(MathUtils.is_even(4))     # True<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/th>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027<\/th>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\u65e0<\/td>self<\/code><\/td>\u2713<\/td>\u2713<\/td><\/tr>
    \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>@classmethod<\/code><\/td>cls<\/code><\/td>\u2717<\/td>\u2713<\/td><\/tr>
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>@staticmethod<\/code><\/td>\u65e0<\/td>\u2717<\/td>\u2717<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u7ee7\u627f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u91cd\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Animal:
        def __init__(self, name):
            self.name = name
    \u200b
        def speak(self):
            print(\"Some sound\")
    \u200b
    class Dog(Animal):  # Dog \u7ee7\u627f Animal
        def speak(self):  # \u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5
            print(f\"{self.name} says: Woof!\")
    \u200b
    class Cat(Animal):
        def speak(self):
            print(f\"{self.name} says: Meow!\")
    \u200b
    dog = Dog(\"Buddy\")
    cat = Cat(\"Kitty\")
    \u200b
    dog.speak()  # Buddy says: Woof!
    cat.speak()  # Kitty says: Meow!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f\uff08MRO\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u6709\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0cPython \u6309\u7167 MRO<\/strong>\uff08Method Resolution Order\uff09\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class A:
        def hello(self):
            print(\"Hello from A\")
    \u200b
    class B(A):
        def hello(self):
            print(\"Hello from B\")
    \u200b
    class C(A):
        def hello(self):
            print(\"Hello from C\")
    \u200b
    class D(B, C):  # MRO: D -> B -> C -> A
        pass
    \u200b
    d = D()
    d.hello()  # Hello from B\uff08\u5148\u627e\u5230 B \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09
    \u200b
    # \u67e5\u770b MRO \u987a\u5e8f
    print(D.__mro__)
    # (<class 'D'>, <class 'B'>, <class 'C'>, <class 'A'>, <class 'object'>)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b \u4f7f\u7528 class \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff1a \u4f7f\u7528 t..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","category-back"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"author_info":{"info":["\u9648 \u67d0\u4eba"]},"category_info":"Python<\/a> \u540e\u7aef<\/a>","tag_info":"\u540e\u7aef","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=657"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":659,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}