{"id":740,"date":"2026-03-19T12:22:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T04:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=740"},"modified":"2026-07-21T13:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T05:33:00","slug":"python%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/03\/19\/python%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"python\u5e38\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5e76\u53d1\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
async def batch_process(urls: list[str]):
    \"\"\"\u5c06\u4e00\u6279\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u7ed3\u679c\"\"\"
    async def process(url: str) -> dict:
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            resp = await client.get(url)
            return {\"url\": url, \"status\": resp.status_code}
\u200b
    results = await asyncio.gather(*[process(url) for url in urls])
    return results<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u9650\u901f\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class RateLimiter:
    \"\"\"\u9650\u5236\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\"\"\"
\u200b
    def __init__(self, max_rate: float, interval: float = 1.0):
        self._sem = asyncio.Semaphore(max_rate)
        self._interval = interval
\u200b
    async def acquire(self):
        await self._sem.acquire()
\u200b
        def release():
            self._sem.release()
\u200b
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        loop.call_later(self._interval, release)
\u200b
    async def __aenter__(self):
        await self.acquire()
\u200b
    async def __aexit__(self, *args):
        pass
\u200b
\u200b
async def main():
    rate_limiter = RateLimiter(max_rate=2, interval=1.0)
\u200b
    async def fetch(url: str) -> str:
        async with rate_limiter:
            await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
            return f\"{url} done\"
\u200b
    results = await asyncio.gather(*[fetch(f\"url{i}\") for i in range(6)])
    print(results)  # \u6bcf\u79d2\u6700\u591a\u5b8c\u6210 2 \u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42
\u200b
\u200b
asyncio.run(main())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
async def retry(coro_factory, max_retries: int = 3, delay: float = 1.0):
    \"\"\"\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u6dfb\u52a0\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\"\"\"
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            return await coro_factory()
        except Exception as e:
            if attempt == max_retries - 1:
                raise
            print(f\"\u7b2c {attempt + 1} \u6b21\u5931\u8d25\uff0c{delay} \u79d2\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5...\")
            await asyncio.sleep(delay)
\u200b
\u200b
async def main():
    n = 0
\u200b
    async def unstable_request() -> str:
        nonlocal n
        n += 1
        if n < 3:
            raise ConnectionError(f\"\u7b2c {n} \u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\")
        return \"\u6210\u529f\u54cd\u5e94\"
\u200b
    result = await retry(unstable_request, max_retries=3, delay=0.5)
    print(result)  # \u524d 2 \u6b21\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u7b2c 3 \u6b21\u6210\u529f
\u200b
\u200b
asyncio.run(main())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f18\u96c5\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import asyncio
import signal
\u200b
\u200b
class GracefulServer:
    def __init__(self):
        self._running = True
\u200b
    async def serve(self):
        while self._running:
            try:
                await asyncio.sleep(1)  # \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42
                print(\"\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42...\")
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                print(\"\u6536\u5230\u53d6\u6d88\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5173\u95ed...\")
                break
\u200b
    def shutdown(self):
        print(\"\u5f00\u59cb\u4f18\u96c5\u5173\u95ed...\")
        self._running = False
\u200b
    async def run(self):
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        stop = loop.create_future()
\u200b
        def signal_handler():
            stop.set_result(None)
\u200b
        loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)  # Ctrl+C
        loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)  # \u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7
\u200b
        task = asyncio.create_task(self.serve())
        await stop  # \u7b49\u5f85\u5173\u95ed\u4fe1\u53f7
        self.shutdown()
        task.cancel()
        await task
\u200b
\u200b
async def main():
    server = GracefulServer()
    await server.run()
\u200b
\u200b
# \u6309 Ctrl+C \u89e6\u53d1 SIGINT\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u4f18\u96c5\u9000\u51fa\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5d29\u6e83
asyncio.run(main())
\u200b<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5e76\u53d1\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f \u9650\u901f\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f \u91cd\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f \u4f18\u96c5\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","category-back"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"author_info":{"info":["\u9648 \u67d0\u4eba"]},"category_info":"Python<\/a> \u540e\u7aef<\/a>","tag_info":"\u540e\u7aef","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=740"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":741,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/740\/revisions\/741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}