{"id":742,"date":"2026-03-23T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T05:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/?p=742"},"modified":"2026-07-21T13:40:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T05:40:13","slug":"python%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%ba%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/2026\/03\/23\/python%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%ba%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e8c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. \u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u534f\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import time
\u200b
\u200b
async def bad():
    time.sleep(1)  # \u9519\u8bef\uff01\u5c06\u963b\u585e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
\u200b
\u200b
async def good():
    await asyncio.sleep(1)  # \u6b63\u786e\uff01\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u6743
\u200b
\u200b
async def acceptable():
    await asyncio.to_thread(time.sleep, 1)  # \u53ef\u884c\uff01\u8ba9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53bb\u963b\u585e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio.run \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5165\u53e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
task = loop.create_task(main())
loop.run_forever()
\u200b
# \u6b63\u786e\uff1aasyncio.run \u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
asyncio.run(main())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. \u5c0f\u5fc3\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u672a\u88ab await<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
async def main():
    # \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u534f\u7a0b\u4f46\u672a await\uff0c\u534f\u7a0b\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c
    fetch(\"url\", 1)
\u200b
    # \u6b63\u786e
    await fetch(\"url\", 1)
\u200b
    # \u6216\u901a\u8fc7 gather
    await asyncio.gather(fetch(\"url1\", 1), fetch(\"url2\", 2))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4. gather \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
gather \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4efb\u4f55\u534f\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u534f\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u4e22\u5931<\/p>\n\n\n\n
async def main():
    # \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 return_exceptions=True
    results = await asyncio.gather(
        risky_task(),
        safe_task(),
        return_exceptions=True,
    )
    for r in results:
        if isinstance(r, Exception):
            print(f\"\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5931\u8d25: {r}\")
\u200b
    # \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 TaskGroup\uff08Python 3.11+\uff09
    # \u4efb\u4e00\u5f02\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u7ec4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. \u4f7f\u7528 debug \u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
asyncio \u7684 debug \u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u534f\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u5fd8\u8bb0 await\u3001\u56de\u8c03\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5f00\u542f asyncio \u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)
\u200b
# \u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
# PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG=1 python script.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u963b\u585e\u7684\u534f\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
debug \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u76d1\u63a7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u8d85\u8fc7 0.1 \u79d2\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9608\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728 stderr \u8f93\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import time
import asyncio
\u200b
async def blocking_coroutine():
    \"\"\"\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u505a\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"
    print(\"\u5f00\u59cb\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c...\")
    time.sleep(0.2)  # \u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
    print(\"\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u675f\")
\u200b
\u200b
async def main():
    await blocking_coroutine()
\u200b
\u200b
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f00\u59cb\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c...
\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u675f
Executor <TaskInfo name='Task-1' ...> running at (...)
    blocking_coroutine at demo.py:12
    main at demo.py:18
    ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
time.sleep(0.2)<\/code> \u662f\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4f46 debug \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u534f\u7a0b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u505c\u7559\u8d85\u8fc7 0.1 \u79d2\uff0c\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u963b\u585e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u672a await \u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5fd8\u8bb0 await<\/code> \u534f\u7a0b\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0cdebug \u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import asyncio
\u200b
\u200b
async def fetch_data(url: str) -> str:
    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
    return f\"{url} \u6570\u636e\"
\u200b
\u200b
async def main():
    # \u5fd8\u8bb0 await\uff0c\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c
    fetch_data(\"https:\/\/example.com\")
\u200b
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
\u200b
\u200b
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)
\u200b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Coroutine 'fetch_data' was never awaited (at demo.py:12)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u5728\u4f60\u5fd8\u8bb0 await<\/code> \u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u534f\u7a0b”\u9759\u9ed8\u4e22\u5931”\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6162\u64cd\u4f5c\u9608\u503c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7 loop.slow_callback_duration<\/code> \u8c03\u6574\u68c0\u6d4b\u9608\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
async def main():
    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
    loop.slow_callback_duration = 0.5  # \u6539\u4e3a 0.5 \u79d2\u624d\u62a5\u8b66
\u200b
    def acceptable_callback():
        time.sleep(0.3)  # 0.3 \u79d2\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u8b66
\u200b
    loop.call_later(0.1, acceptable_callback)
    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
\u200b
\u200b
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
6. \u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u522b\u83b7\u53d6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()  # \u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
\u200b
# \u6b63\u786e\uff1a\u5728\u534f\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
async def my_func():
    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
7. CancelledError \u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
async def cleanup():
    try:
        await long_running_task()
    except asyncio.CancelledError:
        # \u52a1\u5fc5\u5b8c\u6210\u6e05\u7406\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa
        await release_resources()
        raise  # \u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u534f\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u51fd\u6570 2. \u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","category-back"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"author_info":{"info":["\u9648 \u67d0\u4eba"]},"category_info":"Python<\/a> \u540e\u7aef<\/a>","tag_info":"\u540e\u7aef","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=742"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":743,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions\/743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitongxue.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}